Tbilisi City Guide

Nestled in Georgia's rugged Samtskhe-Javakheti region, Vardzia is an extraordinary rock-hewn monastery complex that transports visitors back to the 12th century. Built into the cliffs of the Erusheti Mountain, this sprawling complex was created under the reign of Queen Tamar, one of Georgia's most iconic rulers. Originally intended as a fortress against invaders, Vardzia evolved into a spiritual and cultural hub, housing hundreds of monks, clergy, and artisans, making it one of the country’s most significant historical sites.
A Glimpse into History
At its peak, Vardzia boasted over 6,000 rooms, including chapels, meeting halls, living quarters, and even a pharmacy, all carved into the mountainside. In 1283, a devastating earthquake destroyed much of the site, leaving a large section exposed. Today, around 300 rooms and numerous passageways remain, revealing the impressive engineering and artistry of medieval Georgia.
One of the highlights of Vardzia is the Church of the Dormition, with its beautiful frescoes depicting Queen Tamar and her father, King George III. These paintings are among the few representations of the queen, making them invaluable relics of Georgian history. Visitors can also see frescoes illustrating scenes from the life of Christ, painted with remarkable skill that has withstood the test of time.
Exploring the Caves
Walking through Vardzia, visitors are greeted by a maze of tunnels, stairs, and hidden rooms that hint at the monastery’s original grandeur. As you navigate the narrow corridors and balconies overlooking the Mtkvari River, it’s easy to imagine the monastic life that once flourished here, steeped in quiet reverence and seclusion. Many rooms are connected through steep staircases, and some chambers open onto panoramic views of the valley below, enhancing the sense of remoteness and solitude that would have defined life in this monastic community.
Planning Your Visit
Vardzia is a little over a two-hour drive from Borjomi or Akhaltsikhe, making it a popular destination for day trips. To experience the site fully, it’s best to set aside a few hours for exploration. Wear comfortable shoes, as there’s a fair amount of walking and climbing involved. For an even deeper experience, consider hiring a local guide, who can provide fascinating historical insights and lead you through the complex layout.
The natural beauty surrounding Vardzia adds to the allure, with rugged cliffs, wildflower-strewn valleys, and the Mtkvari River winding below. The sense of awe and tranquility makes Vardzia an unforgettable experience for history lovers and nature enthusiasts alike.